Vitaminele, beneficiu pentru organism

Studiile ultimilor ani au aratat ca un surplus de vitamine si minerale mareste rezistenta organismului la stres, la viroze, gripe si dau un tonus mai ridicat. Mai mult, pentru prima data, specialistii nutritionisti americani au ajuns la concluzia ca suplimentarea zilnica a dietei cu vitamine si minerale previne aparitia bolilor cronice, precum diabetul, cancerul, maladia Alzheimer, anemiile jogos casino online.

Deficitul prelungit de vitamina D care duce la in rahitism este intalnita indeosebi in timpul cresterii rapide. Clasificarea pe varste distincte a fost initiala in zona Copenhaga unde toate cazurile spitalicesti inregistrate de rahitism au fost fie copii, fie adolescenti din familii de
emigranti.

Progresia retardului a fost prezenta doar la grupurile de nou-nascuti si de copii cu varsta de pana la un an, arata datele unui studiu al cercetatorilor din Danemarca.

"Starea de slabiciune accentuata, letargia si iritabilitatea pot fi semne timpurii ale deficitului de vitamina D. Mamele cu un nivel scazut al acestei vitamine dau nastere la copii care vor avea la randul lor deficit de vitamina D si cu risc crescut de rahitism. Datele arata o crestere
a ratei rahitismului cauzat de expunerea insuficienta la soare si administrare insuficienta de suplimente nutritionale care au in componenta vitamina D, iar acest fapt ne nelinisteste", declara C. Molgaard si colegii de la Universitatea Regala de Agricultura daneza.

Multe tari (inclusiv SUA, din 2003) recomanda suplimentele de vitamina D in timpul copilariei pentru a evita rahitismul favorizat de continutul scazut de vitamina D din laptele matern. Astfel, administrarea de serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D inainte de dezvoltarea rahitismului este benefica Bonus Fara Depunere

Noua familie de antioxidanti este de o suta de ori mai eficace decat vitamina E, a aratat o echipa internationala de chimisti. Antioxidantii pot contracara efectul oxigenului in tesuturi sau alte materiale.

Vitamina E sau alfa-tocoferolul este un fenol, care contine un inel format din zece atomi de carbon avand atasata o grupare hidroxil (OH). In completare pentru a atasa un atom de nitrogen inelului Dereck Pratt, licentiat al Vanderbilt University a avut ideea de a substitui unul dintre atomii de carbon cu cel de nitrogen.

Prin aceste inlocuiri el urmarea obtinerea unor molecule, asa-numite pyridinole mult mai stabile in aer. In plus el a stabilit ca aceste pyridinole vor avea aceleasi proprietati ca ale antioxidantilor,
dar mult mai eficace.

A fost necesar un an pentru ca cercetatorii sa stabileasca cei 12 pasi ai
procesului prin care sa se produca cat mai multe componente ale acestei noi clase de compusi si in cantitati suficiente pentru testari. Esantioanele au fost trimise unui laborator special al Universitatii din Bologna (Italia), unde chimistii au descoperit ca aceste noi substante sunt de 100 de ori mai eficace decat vitamina E.

Cercetatorii au combinat antioxidantii lor cu lipoproteine cu densitate mica (LDL) si au descoperit ca acestia protejeaza moleculele LDL-ul contra oxidarii. Aceasta descoperire poate fi cea mai importanta pana acum de la populara teorie conform careia cauza afectiunilor coronariene este oxidarea lipidelor.

Administrarea de suplimente multivitaminice poate reduce nivelele de proteina C-reactiva din sange si riscul afectiunilor cardiace, infarctului precum si decesul din aceste cauze, releva un studiu al Institutului Cooper din Dallas (SUA).

Publicat in American Journal of Medicine, acesta, subliniaza faptul ca 24 de ingrediente care intra in compozitia suplimentelor multivitaminice reduc proteina C-reactiva, cu 32 de procente. CRP se arata un important predictor al afectiuni cardiace si se identifica a fi un participant major in procesul inflamator care cauzeaza placi ateroscrelotice pe peretii vaselor de sange.

Inflamatia sta la baza multor atacuri de cord, dar contribuie si la aparitia artritei, bolii Alzheimer si chiar a cancerului. Este, de asemenea, un prim semnal pentru dezvoltarea diabetului de tip 2.

Studii recente indica vitamina E si alti antioxidanti ca posibili agenti de
reducere a nivelelor CRP din sange, dar s-au dovedit un mijloc terapeutic limitat, arata Dr. Timothy Church, vicepresedintele pentru cercetare al Institutului Cooper. Studiul a fost randomizat dublu-orb si controlat placebo, timp de mai mult de zece luni.

Suplimentele nutritionale sunt importante, in special pentru indivizii care au o dieta inadecvata, femeile insarcinate, copiii, adolescentii, batranii, vegetarienii si cei care beau sau fumeaza excesiv. Evidenta arata ca suplimentele pot ajuta la preventia bolilor cordului, cancerului, osteoporozei si a altor afectiuni cronice.

Acidul folic este un supliment care poate preveni malformatii fatului, daca este administrat pe perioada sarcinii. Calciul este un alt supliment care furnizeaza beneficii copilului in crestere si in special femeilor care pierd
masa osoasa.

Studiile au aratat totodata ca vitamina E si unii acizi grasi, pot preveni bolile de inima. De asemenea, se crede ca dieta care contine vitamine antioxidante si zinc reduce pierderile de vedere, degenerarile maculare si orbirea.

Vitamina E este in masura de a reduce pierderile de memorie si ajuta in lupta contra bolilor batranetii. Doctorul Gary Null arata ca "vitamina E - nesintetica - administrata in doze de 400-800 miligrame pe zi incetineste pierderile de memorie".

Vitamina E, in forma ei naturala, este foarte importanta in mentinerea functiunii creierului. Aceasta substanta este diferita de versiunea sintetica obtinuta din produse petroliere.

Null recomanda vitamina E, un antioxidant dovedit, pentru a ajuta controlarea "simptomelor batranetii naturale", inclusiv problemele femeilor aflate la postmenopauza, cele legate de cancer, scaderea colesterolului si controlul conditiei cardiovasculare. "Lupta impotriva batranetii" spune cercetatorul "s-a extins asupra stresului oxidativ".

Injectarea vitaminei D pentru a preveni fracturile cauzate de osteoporoza poate fi cea mai rapida cale de lupta. Mii de oameni au primit vitamina D, toamna, prin injectare, in cadrul unui trial clinic, tratament destinat reducerii riscului fracturarii oaselor.

Doua milioane de oameni din Marea Britanie sufera de osteoporoza, inregistrandu-se anual mai mult de 100.000 de fracturi. Vitamina D, care ajuta la fixarea calciului, este vitala pentru sanatatea oaselor si a dintilor.

Cercetatorii au descoperit ca adultii pot avea un nivel mai scazut de vitamina D in sange, in comparatie cu pacientii tineri. Nu este insa foarte clar cum vitamina D contribuie la preventia fracturilor, dar una dintre teorii intareste ideea ca amplifica eficacitatea calciului.

Conform unui recent studiu, combinatia dintre simvastatin si niacin se arata eficace, sigura si bine tolerata de pacientii cu diabet zaharos. Rezultatele studiului "HDL- Atherosclerosis Treatment" au relevat ca aceasta combinatie (doze zilnice de 13 mg simvastatin si 2,4 g niacin) stopeaza progresia angiografica a ateroscrelozei si reduce semnificativ cazurile clinice, in proportie de 60%, la pacientii care aveau nivel scazut de HDL, in comparatie cu placebo.

In cadrul studiului, cercetatorii au evaluat siguranta si tolerabilitatea acestei combinatii. Studiul a inclus 160 pacienti cu probleme cardiovasculare (dintre care 25 au diabet zaharat) cu densitate scazuta a HDL-colesterolului mai mica de 5 mg/dl si a trigliceridelor <217 mg/dl.

Acesti pacienti au fost randomizati asupra a patru combinatii de vitamine antioxidante, placebo si simvastatin plus niacin. Efectele secundare intalnite au fost greata, anorexia, durere musculara etc. Cercetatorii au monitorizat regulat aspartat aminotransferaza, creatin fosfokinaza (CPK), acidul uric, homocisteina si nivelul glucozei.

Pacientii din grupul "simvastatin+niacin" si cei tratati placebo au raportat frecvent efecte secundare clinice sau de laborator similare: fatigabilitate, greata si/sau dureri musculare (9% vs 5%), aspartat aminotransferaza >/= de trei ori peste limita normalului (3% vs 1%), CPK >/= de doua ori mai peste limita normalului (3% vs 4%), acidul uric >/=7,5 mg/dl (18% vs 15%) si homocisteina >/mmol/L (9% vs 4%).

Gama-tocotrienolul poate induce apoptoza in celulele cancerului la san. Citocromul C poate sa nu fie proteina periculoasa eliberata de mitocondrii, aceasta declansand inducerea apoptozei gama-tocotrienolului in celulele MDA-MB-231, spun cercetatorii.

Tocotrienolul, care este vitamina E izoforma, este cunoscut ca inhibitor al dezvoltarii celulelor canceroase in tumorile la san. "Obiectivele acestui studiu au fost acelea de a clarifica efectele tocotrienolului, cu accent special pe determinarea daca mitocondriile sunt stimulate cand celulele canceroase incubeaza cu izomerul specific de tocotrienol", spune K.Takahashi si colegii, de la Universitatea Carolina de Nord.

Studiul a aratat ca gama-tocotrienolul poate induce apoptoza celulelor cancerului de san. Pentru a ajuta elucidarea cum aceasta substanta induce apoptoza, vor trebui examinari viitoare pentru parametri importanti legati
de mitocondriile mediatoare.

In celulele tratate cu gama-tocotrienol, mitocondriile sunt rupte. Ruperea posibila a membranei mitocondriale a fost descoperita si citocromul C a
fost eliberat mai tarziu din mitocondrii. Cu toate acestea expresia genelor Bax si Bcl-2 nu s-a schimbat. Mai mult scindarea genelor PARP (poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase) nu a fost detectata, au concluzionat cercetatorii. (Sursa: Life Extension Foundation)

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